Father Of Behaviorism Broadus Watson - 935 Words

Father of Behaviorism: Broadus Watson During the late 19th century and early 20th century, psychology was defined as the study of the human mind had an emphasis on introspection (Editors of Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica, 2015). After this period of time, psychologists began to criticize the validity of introspection as a method of study (McLeod, 2008). This doubt sparked new ideals and lead the field of psychology to be revolutionized. This new revolution was lead by John Broadus Watson, who is often thought of to be the father of behaviorism. (Coplan, 2010). The concept of behaviorism had been circulating, but it was not until Watson s involvement that the behaviorist movement emerged when he published a well-known article titled â€Å"Psychology†¦show more content†¦Introspection forms no essential part of its methods †(Coplan, 2010). Inspired by Pavlov’s ideals, Watson also formed the idea believed that all aspects of psychology can be explained as the causes of an action and its consequences, thus forming the idea of classical conditioning (McLeod, 2008). Classical conditioning focused on how everything was composed of patterns of stimulus and response (McLeod, 2008). It also emphasized that all individual differences in behavior can be attributed to differences in learning (McLeod, 2008). During his time researching, Watson initially started experimenting with small animals, but by the year 1919, he began conducting experiments on humans (Weibell, 2011). He began by studying several hundred infants through their first thirty days of infancy and followed a group of infants through their first years of childhood (Weibell, 2011). Despite the large amount of data he collected, he was not satisfied with his findings and felt the children he studied were not good subjects (Weibell, 2011). He believed there were too many factors that came into play by studying children from random homes and different backgrounds, making them too complex (Weibell, 2011). In order to properly test his theories on classical conditioning and behavior control, he began applying his behavioral modification principles on a single infant under controlled settings, leading to his most famous experiment, â€Å"Little Albert† (Weibell, 2011).Show MoreRelatedJohn Broadus Watson : The Father Of B ehaviorism Essay1786 Words   |  8 PagesJohn Broadus Watson, also known as the father of behaviorism, is a very well known psychologist. He is most known for Behaviorism. Born to Emma and Pickens Watson on January 9th, 1878 in South Carolina. His parent’s were extremely different being how his mother was a very religious Christian while his father was more of a drinker and had marital affairs and in 1891 left his family (Watson 1999). John was very disrespectful in school. There were incidents where John assaulted other students, particularlyRead MoreJohn Broadus Watson : The Son Of Emma And Pickens Watson1007 Words   |  5 PagesJohn Broadus Watson was born near Greenville, South Carolina on January 9, 1878. He was the son of Emma and Pickens Watson. In the year 1891, John and the rest of his family was left behind by his father, complicating everything. Given the situations that his family was very poor, everything then became different for them. Since his father left his family, Watson held a long-life resentment towards him. He had hatred told his father for a long time for abandoning him. As a young child, John BroadusRead MoreJohn Broadus Watson : An Experimental Study On The Psychical Development Of The White Rat1622 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Broadus Watson, the father of Behaviorism, was born in South Carolina on January 9, 1878 to Emma and Pickens Watson. John grew up in a mixed up household, his father was a known drinker while his mother was a devout Christian. Although he took after his father and got himself into some trouble growing up, he managed to gain admission to Furman College at age sixteen. Upon graduation from Furman, one of John’s professors turned mentor Gordon Moore helped him make the next step, and the followingRead More John Watson2019 Words   |  9 PagesWatson’s life history John Broadus Watson was a famous American psychologist who lived between the year 1878 and 1958. He was born in a place called Greenville in South Carolina. John’s father was called Pickens and Emma was his mother and he was their fourth born child. The family was not well of financially they just lived in poverty. In spite of the poverty that engulfed the family, John’s father turned to be a habitual drunkard who cared less for his family. However, Emma John’s mother wasRead MoreTaking a Closer Look at Behaviorists Essay1963 Words   |  8 Pagesbehavior. â€Å"Behaviorism is a worldview that assumes a learner is essentially passive, responding to environmental stimuli. The learner starts off as a clean slate and behavior is shaped through positive reinforcement or negative reinforcement. Both positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement increase the probability that the antecedent behavior will happen again. The study of only behavior in Psychology is called Behaviorism. The Psychologists who study the school of Behaviorism go by the titleRead More John B. Watson2181 Words   |  9 PagesJohn Broadus Watson was a famous American psychologist who lived between 1878 and 1958. He was born in Greenville, South Carolina to Pickens and Emma Watson and was the fourth of six children. The family was not well off financially and John did not have an easy childhood. In spite of the poverty that engulfed the family, John’s father turned into an alcoholic who cared less for his family. However, Emma, John’s mother was a devoted religious woman who struggled to take care of her children withRead MoreThe John B Watson s Life860 Words   |  4 Pages` John B Watson In 1878 John B Watson was born to Emma and Pickens Watson. A poor family in Greenville, South Carolina, his mother was very religious. John s father, with whom he was closer, did not follow the same rules of living as his mother. He drank, had extra-marital affairs, and left in 1891. Eventually John married Mary Ikes whom he met at the University of Chicago. Together they had two children, Mary and John. And, like his father, had affairs with a number of women. John and Mary finallyRead More B. F. Skinner Essay1073 Words   |  5 Pagesin Susquehanna, Pennsylvania. His mother, Grace M. Burrhus, was a stenographer and a secretary, in a law office and later in a railroad chief executives office. His father, William A. Skinner, was an attorney, who studied law with another local attorney at a New York Law School. Skinners parents were both good students. His father had bought several sets of books, so there was a lot of reading material their children. Skinner said that his parents never used physical punishment, except for theRead MoreOrigins of Behaviorism Essay1714 Words   |  7 PagesOrigins of Behaviorism Behaviourism originated with the work of John B. Watson from 1913. BehaviourismRead MoreHistory of Psychology Paper1294 Words   |  6 Pagesmental processes during the fourth and fifth centuries B.C. This process is known as Psychology. These three philosophers questioned Aristotle, during the fourth and fifth centuries B.C. Hippocrates was a Greek physician that was also called the father of medicine. Hippocrates was very interested in the study of the living organism and its parts. He observed how the brain controlled various parts of the body. Hippocrates medical ethics are now reflected upon by many physicians. This gave rise

A Study Report About My Placement Experience With The...

This case study report is about my placement experience with the Scouts Victoria, one of the largest non-for-profit youth international organisations in Australia. This report starts with my role as an intern, followed by challenges encountered, few issues observed in the organisation and self-reflection. Having no experience working on a real project before that involves the community or event management knowledge, this community-volunteering placement gave me an opportunity to explore my career field in marketing. It was all new to me and I had no idea of how it would be like or what to expect. I was provided with some background knowledge and guidance about community volunteering and what to expect when working for a non-for-profit organisation. However, I did not have a specific plan about how I was going to tackle this project or how I am going to manage my time, I thought I would take it as I go along as always I do with my other assignments. Upon joining, each staff member either volunteer or not needs to go through police check and working with children’s check for safety purposes. Online training and worksheets are provided, which teaches about safety, scouting, duties of staff etc. Even though there is a lot of paperwork involved, it ensures members of scouts their responsibility towards the children, staff and the organisation. This organisation has some paid members as well to carry out administration and managers tasks. Some managers are paid and some areShow MoreRelatedMy Placement Experience With The Scouts Victoria, One Of The Largest Not For Profit Essay1795 Words   |  8 Pagescase study report highlights my placement experience with the Scouts Victoria, one of the largest not-for-profit (NFP) youth international organisations in Australia. This report aims to unfold the organisations internal (e.g. organisational skills) and external (e.g. funding) activities along with my role as an intern and self -reflection of my learning. It will explore these by describing my duties, responsibilities, encountered challenges and issues observed during my placement hours. My roleRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pages4 What Managers Do 5 Management Functions 6 †¢ Management Roles 6 †¢ Management Skills 8 †¢ Effective versus Successful Managerial Activities 8 †¢ A Review of the Manager’s Job 9 Enter Organizational Behavior 10 Complementing Intuition with Systematic Study 11 Disciplines That Contribute to the OB Field 13 Psychology 14 †¢ Social Psychology 14 †¢ Sociology 14 †¢ Anthropology 14 There Are Few Absolutes in OB 14 Challenges and Opportunities for OB 15 Responding to Economic Pressures 15 †¢ Responding to GlobalizationRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 Pagesdevelopment 7.3.2.1 Earned value system (F.4) 7.3.2.4 E.V., performance status report 7.3.2.2 E.V., forecasts 7.3.2.3 EV., to complete index (EAC) 7.3.2.5 Schedule and cost variance Developing a Project Plan 4.2.2 Planning tools 6.2 Sequence activities [1.2] 6.5.1 Bar and milestone charts 6.5.2 Critical path method (.2) 6.5.2.6 Lead and lag activities [6.2.3] F.3 Project duration Chapter 14 Project closure Closure report 4.5.1.4 Organization processes (.5) [4.5.3 4.6.3.2] 4.6.1 Administrative

Critical Analysis Top Dog Under Dog Free Essays

While booth is n awkward person, he tends to try to take the easy way out by doing illegal stunts such as robbery which causes a turning point in the play. In this analysis I Am mainly arguing whether this story was a reenactment of the death of Abraham Lincoln; when he was killed by John Wilkes Booth in an assassination. My main argument is whether it was a racial thing to reenact the assassination but using African Americans in poverty to contribute the roles of one of the biggest assassinations in U. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical Analysis Top Dog Under Dog or any similar topic only for you Order Now S Offence 2 history. Both brothers going through rough times and Lincoln getting fired and being out of a job. They both have nothing to rely on but Booth thinks getting his brother Lincoln back into the game will change their financial stance significantly. The use of â€Å"Lincoln† and â€Å"Booth† provides a means of rewriting history in terms of an ironic textually and a parodied reversal. This becomes a case of laughter in which Parks’ ironic use of the names works to undermine the social history of the US and slavery. This irony is the fact that Lincoln arcade job is an Abraham Lincoln impersonator, assassinated daily by paying customers. This figure of the black man playing as a white man. As the figures of the white assassin can be made black, these become roles which any individual can take up in his or her own celebration. Yet, what this shows is that such imagery is not merely a formal of history, but rather that it encodes a deeper logic. That is, beneath the play of names and the reversal of black and white, Top dog/Underdog plays on the logic of chance and inevitability. On the one hand, the characters’ narrative fate is preordained by their names; on the other hand, they have a choice, a chance to rewrite the historical narrative f Booth killing Lincoln. That the black Booth kills the black Lincoln in the end is explained through the logic that blacks Offence 3 have no one to blame but themselves for black on black violence; it is a matter of â€Å"individual† responsibility. Context: Topped/Underdog is in time era of about roughly 1 ass’s. These late summer nights puts two grown brothers in a tiny boardinghouse room to work through their past, present, and possible futures. The room is rented by the younger of the two, Booth, a petty thief and wannabe threaded Monte street cutlers; the rent is paid by the elder brother, Lincoln, an arcade performer and former card hustler who has sworn off the cards. Characters: Booth (cards) is a black male who is little brother to Lincoln. He is a daily thief who steals everything he desires. Booth is a guy who thinks he is a know it all but in reality is just a crazy bipolar idiot who thinks he has a plan for everything. Booth tries to learn the hustle game 3 card Monte by pressuring his brother Lincoln into teaching his the cheats and skills of the game. Drop out in school and tells everyone lies o get what he wants such as making Links wife have an affair. He is the murderer because he kills his brother Lincoln in an Offence 4 altercation where Booth felt as if his brother Link robbed him of his entire inheritance Lincoln (Link) is a Black male in his ass’s. He is big brother to Booth. Lincoln is a relaxed chilled character who keeps small. He went to school and worked at an arcade imposing as honest Abe to make a living at a low pay salary. He used to hustle people for their money in a game called card Monte. Ft the gang and hustler life to save his life and get on the eight track because he seen his partner get murdered. Link is very unconfined in his motives and feels that whatever he wants to do is not the right way such as when he is goanna lose his job; he overreacts and is not confident that he will not get his job back. Link is smart; he learns from his mistakes when his friend was murdered. Grace is a Smart intellige nt woman who is studying cosmetology. She dates Booth and is supposedly in love with Booth since she was a little girl so says Booth. She is beautiful; she knows how to have a lot of fun and knows what she wants in life. How to cite Critical Analysis Top Dog Under Dog, Papers

Chaim Potok Essay Example For Students

Chaim Potok Essay Chaim Potok lives a very full life he has served his country, peoples, and religion very well and with great impact. First, to be discussed is his life birth through the present. He was born at a very early age on February 17, 1929, in New York, New York to Benjamin and Mollie Potok. The first university he went to was Yeshiva University where he graduated in 1950 with a B.A., summa cum laude, in English Literature. He also went to the Jewish Theological Seminary of America where he left with an M.H.L. and a rabbinic ordination in 1954. Finally, he graduated the University of Pennsylvania with a doctorate in philosophy in 1965. Mr. Potok is married now since June 8, 1958, to Adena Sara Mosevitzsky. They have 3 children Rena,Chaim worked for the better of his people and religion with both his occupations and his writings. He worked as an instructor at the University of Judaism 1957 to 1959. He was on the faculty of the Teachers Institute, Jewish Theological Seminary from 1964 to 1965. He was also editor-in-chief of the Jewish Publication Society of America 1965 to 1974. He is currently the chairman of the Publication Committee at The Jewish Publications Society. Chaim Potok also served his people and religion through all of his writings which are all in some way related to or involve Judaism. Now, to go in-depth into his writings. First, his novels. The first novel Potok wrote was The Chosen, which won him the Edward Lewis Wallant award, in 1969, here is a quotation about that book: So why did Potoks book make such a heavy impression on me? he takes a meager story, told in plain words, about two Jewish boys who are radically unlike me and turns it into something so universal I couldnt help getting pulled in by it. -Lea DavisThe next novel he wrote was the sequel to The Chosen, The Promise, in 1969, which also won him an award, The Athenaeum Prize. After that, he wrote My Name is Asher Lev in 1972. His next novel In the Beginning was written in 1975. Then he wrote The Book of Lights in 1981. In 1985 he wrote Davitas Harp. In 1990 he wrote The Gift of Asher Lev which won him The National Jewish Book Award for Fiction. Which brings us to his most recent novel I Am the Clay from 1992. Chaim Potok also wrote a couple of childrens books The Tree of Here and The Sky of Now in 1 993 and 1995 respectively. Chaim only published one Non-Fiction book called Wanderings in 1978 about the history of the Jewish people. He wrote three plays one of them, Out of the Depths, is a two act play that premiered in 1990. The other two Sins of the Father and The Carnival and The Gallery, are both one act plays that premiered also in 1990. His most recent play, The Play of Lights, premiered in 1992. Chaim has written three novellas that have yet to be translated into English; their titles are: The Canal, The Trope Teacher, and The Golems Hand. Mr. Potok has several other works such as short stories and essays that have appeared in many publications including Esquire, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine, Commentary, Moment, Saturday Review, Seventeen, The American Voice, and The Philadelphia Inquirer. As a side not Chaim Potoks book The Chosen was made into a movie in which Chaim has a small cameo appearance. In conclusion, Chaim Potoks life works have been plentiful and beneficial to people all over the world. .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a , .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a .postImageUrl , .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a , .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a:hover , .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a:visited , .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a:active { border:0!important; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a:active , .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u03454805614800083191a12be1d6376a:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Hippopotamus: Endangered Species Report Essay

Organization Behaviour free essay sample

Wegmans was founded in 1916, by brothers Walter and Jack Wegman, as a small family-owned food store in Rochester, New York State. It was initially called the Rochester Food and Vegetable Company, and operated out of the Wegmanshouse. In the early 1920s, the Wegmans moved the store to a new location and expanded the product range to make it a full-fledged grocery store selling fresh produce, bakery goods, and canned goods. The store also had a small cafeteria. It’s Headquarters in Rochester, New York. Wegmans is consistently voted as one of the best companies to work for in the US by several independent sources. It is also one of the rare companies in the retail sector that had a relatively low voluntary attrition rate (seven percent for full time employees). Wegmans culture is articulated in its philosophy Employees first, Customers second. However, in spite of its expressed preference for employees over customers, Wegmans is known for its high level of customer service. We will write a custom essay sample on Organization Behaviour or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Question No 1 Is Wegamns Culture Strong or Weak and what are the Characteristic of Wegmans culture and how it affect its employees particularly new hires? Strong culture is said to exist where staff respond to stimulus because of their alignment to organizational values. Conversely, there is Weak Culture where there is little alignment with organizational values and control must be exercised through extensive procedures and bureaucracy. Where culture is strong people do things because they believe it is the right thing to do. Characteristic of Wegmans Diversity and equal opportunity. * Respect co-employees , pursue excellence , make a difference and become empowered

10 Memorable Quotes

10 Memorable Quotes Some quotes eventually fade away with time, while a few become eternal and can have lasting impacts. Albert Einsteins comment that Imagination is more important than knowledge, for example, has the potential to stick with someone and change their perspectives on greatness and success. Memorable sayings pack a wealth of wisdom and  display attitude without being preachy or pushy. If you read this collection of memorable  sayings, they will stay with you forever: Anthony Robbins   ​The past does not equal the future. Buddha   Do not dwell in the past, do not dream of the future, concentrate the mind on the present moment. Mother Teresa   Spread love everywhere you go. Let no one ever come to you without leaving happier.   Henry Ford Dont find fault. Find a remedy. Margaret Mead   Never doubt that a small group of thoughtful, committed citizens can change the world; indeed, its the only thing that ever has. Winston Churchill Success is the ability to go from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm. Ayn Rand The question isn’t who is going to let me; it’s who is going to stop me. Albert Einstein Science without religion is lame, religion without science is blind. Franklin D. Roosevelt   The only thing we have to fear is fear itself. Oscar Wilde   Most people are other people. Their thoughts are someone elses opinions, their lives a mimicry, their passions a quotation.

Construction Project Management - Connecting the UK with Europe Coursework

Construction Project Management - Connecting the UK with Europe - Coursework Example Boring from one end of the English Channel would ensure that the tunnels would progress without major concerns for aligning tunnels to each other. In contrast, if boring was initiated from either end of the English Channel, it would be technically demanding to ensure an accurate alignment of the tunnels when the tunnels met in the middle of the English Channel. The other constraints such as costs of extra machines for boring also had to be balanced against concerns for a time required to complete the project. This and other such aspects of the Channel Tunnel project required that project management expertise and technical expertise be employed to execute the project. Once the project was initiated, the technical risks on the job were managed well enough including some famous overkill such as the useless procurement of new equipment when old equipment was just as effective. As the project progressed, it was affected negatively by two factors inimical to project management – cost variances and schedule. On the one hand the technical risks associated with this iconic project had been well managed and dealt with but on the other hand, a new set of risks had been left alone to be dealt out on their own. Largely the risks left out of the initial planning phase included dealing with government bureaucracy and the associated delays and changes to project scope. While the Channel Tunnel project can be seen as a major achievement in terms of technical progress but it is otherwise a pure project management failure. There is little doubt in anyone’s mind that the Channel Tunnel project was less than a Pyrrhic victory. The initial costing for the project was estimated at some $5.5 billion but the eventual execution cost the project team some $14.5 billion. There was little change in the overall scope of the project but there were myriad changes in the details of the project scope. It was decided initially that the Channel Tunnel would consist of 32 miles (51.5 kilometers) tunnel under the sea to serve two railway links separately.

Now the Olympic flame has left the UK its remaining legacy is to Essay

Now the Olympic flame has left the UK its remaining legacy is to inspire a generation, promoting the benefits of physical fitness. What are the benefits to the cardiovascular system of regular exercise - Essay Example This paper is a discussion of the main physiological features of the cardiovascular system. The heart, one of the system’s major components, has two ventricles at the bottom chambers of the heart and two atria at the top chambers (Aaronson et al, 2004: p47). The ventricles force the blood into the blood vessels from the heart while the atria drains and forces blood into the ventricles. The heart is divided into two chambers in order to achieve a two-circuit system of circulation. The right side pumps to the lungs while, on the other hand, the left pumps to the other organs of the body. During the cycle of a heartbeat, the right and left atria contract, then the right and left ventricles follow suit, followed by relaxation of the ventricles and atria. During the resting phase for the ventricles and atria, blood flows from the relaxed atria to the relaxed ventricles, constituting the diastole. The atria then contract to force out any remaining blood almost followed immediately by the ventricle, constituting the systole. To ensure that blood flows in the right direction, the heart has valves that allow blood to move in only one direction. The heart valves open and close when the heart relaxes and then contracts, which is caused by the pressure difference in the heart, and these valves are; aortic, mitral, pulmonary, and tricuspid valves (Aaronson et al, 2004: p50). The one way nature of the valves ensures that blood does not flow back, which avoids mixing of different blood. The heart is comprised of the cardiac muscle, which is a striated and involuntary muscle found on its walls and histological foundations (Aaronson et al, 2004: p52). While smooth muscle is also involuntary, cardiac muscle is more anatomically related to skeletal muscle since smooth muscle is not striated. The cardiovascular system is made of an amalgamation of smooth and cardiac cells, with the blood vessels lined by smooth muscle. The circulatory system is

Probability and poker Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Probability and poker - Research Paper Example One of the common card games people engage in today is poker. It is played with a deck of fifty two cards. The ranks of a player’s cards and the combinations of these cards help determine the winner. In order to win big, players risk larger sums of money, hoping that they do not loose. Therefore, poker, just like any other gambling activity, is purely based on chance. In mathematics, one of the widely covered topics is probability, which is the study of the likelihood of an event occurring. For this reason, poker is directly related to this mathematical concept because outcomes are based on chance. Although most people question the importance of studying mathematics in school, the application of mathematical concepts in the real world are varied. Probability, which is a branch of mathematics, is one of the most used concepts in the world. This research aims at demonstrating how probability is used in gambling by focusing on the game of poker. For most poker players, there is strong belief in experience, skill and luck. Most players have an illusion of control in which a person beliefs he has the ability to understand and determine the outcome of uncertain events. Professional poker players are seen as those who have the ability to read their opponents with a high level of accuracy based on tiny or non-existent clues (Istrate, 55). Experienced players are those that have the ability to make accurate predictions, thereby increasing their chances of winning. In approaching the game of poker, most players look at their opponents to identify certain flaws or features that will help them to win the game. These flaws will tell them the weaknesses of their opponents, and thus capitalize on these weaknesses to win games. For this reason, players look at the position the opponents occupy on the table, their timings and pace, and the way they behave and move

Impacts of Globalization and Gaming

Impacts of Globalization and Gaming Video game franchise has taken the world by storm. It is design to trigger human emotion by satisfying one need to kill, venting of frustration and anger. Video gaming is used to de-stress, educate and kill time. People would spend hundreds of dollars in the gaming sector and this has make gaming the primary platform of entertainment and lifestyle. Impact of globalization and gaming The media has played the primary leader in re-shaping our future by imprinting images on how things should be. Images shown on advertisement, commercials, the covers of magazine and newspaper prove to have impact and stir up interest among consumers. Thus, making media consumptions as a form of manual for Life A guide to live your life Here, I am making a distinctive connection between the influences of the video game market, game production sales, game demograph and global culture. The major and leading players in the gaming industry would be the U.S and Japan. Business competition has stir up due to many other nations eager to get involve and follow the footstep of both big players. This shows how important video gaming industry has become and how it conquers the centre stage of globalization. It is predicted to posses a huge growth in coming years. Statistics shows a steady yet gradual growth in the gaming sector from the year 2002 2007 (image 1.1), overtaking other media market such as film and music. Leading franchise, Mario, created in Japan, has yield over 200 games since original release date back in 1981. Mario has then become the official mascot of Nintendo. With help from the media, everyone from every corner of the world will know who or what is Mario. It has turned itself global by its iconic representation of video game. A side from technical statistics, market has showed distinctive trends. It is obvious how our male counterpart dominant the gaming market but what is more startling is the growth and impact of girls and woman showing interest to this market over the recent years. (Image 1.2) In late November, president of Nintendo America, Reggie Fils-Aime presented several data points outlining the current gender breakdown of console play in the U.S. Reggie estimates there are 45 million people playing video games as the primary players in the U.S. Of those, Nintendo is estimating 26% are female, or roughly 11.7 million. Wanda Meloni, Gamasutra Factors such as online gaming and PC gaming are the key contributor, especially with the existence of social networking site such as Twitter and Facebook, Apart from your ordinary 2D-Planes of your computer screen, gaming console took a leap in providing both sharing and social networking into their programs. Sharing movies, pictures, music and gaming has never been a breeze while doing it in the comfort of your own living room. Such experiences have turn into a lifestyle and morphed itself into a global culture. With tool like the Internet, people from all over the world are able to communicate, share and learn other cultures. That is how the existence of game production catering to certain culture and country originate. It is evident on the gaming box art. (Image 1.3)Â   Issue Despite these positive activities stir up by the gaming market, there are still problems that need to be addressed. Base on the research I have undergone, it is evident how gamers or consumers are not aware of the upcoming games. Surveys that I have done showed almost eighty percent of gamers surveyed are not aware of the latest games that are on sales. (Image 1.4) Advertising of the games has proved to be unsuccessful. Alas, most consumers who were surveyed claimed they found out about new games releases through word of mouth or the Internet. Website such as Gamespot will show weekly game releases. (Image 1.5) Gaming Experience Your heart is beating out of control; your hands are covered in blood, your eyes staring straight at him, with your finger on the trigger. This is your final stand, should you open fire? But he is a human being? Will he kill you? Or is this all a dream? The deafening sound of silence abrupt the surrounding, now its kill or be killed. You pull the trigger. He lay before you, dead. Before you know it, he slowly fades into the background. He disappears. A typical scenario for every gamer who plays combat war game. The only difference between reality and virtual reality is the hesitation to kill a person in a game. Virtual reality has set emotions wide apart from reality. One is more likely to kill a person in a game compare to a real life event. Why has gaming eradicate every emotion in a person when it comes to killing another player? Well, the explanation is simple. No one dies in a game. Virtual reality is design in a way that it will feed off most of our emotions without us worrying what are the consequences. Unlike reality, gaming allows players to redeem back their mistake by restarting the game. It fascinates me how game design has the ability to create fantastic visual effects; immersive graphics and beautiful environment that consumed one and let gamers live their character through computer games. Amazing how this two-dimensional generating image let users escape reality and let them live a pseudo character. How or what about this moving images let us, gamers, experience this out of body experience? How can something that is not physical enable and leave a memorable marking of its existences in our mind. Case Study Virtual Guggenheim Museum designed Asymptote has designed a physical virtual world in a space. Challenged to break free from the standard web site layout, Guggenheim requested a virtual space to compliment its striking New York Museum. Debut as a perfect hybrid of electronic space and physical space, Hani Rashid claims virtual spaces are designed with the same attention to detail as real physical buildings. The design inspiration comes from the idea of three-dimensional spatial traversable space on the Internet and real-time interactive elements located at various Guggenheim locations. Guggenheim Virtual Museum will be the first virtual building of the 21st century to fully show the relations of art, space, commerce and architecture. This virtual museum will be an ideal space to convey art and experience through interactive digital medium. Element such as the sound, image and dynamic fluid environment unlike any physical space are able to respond to the direction of the user without hindering its contents. As highlighted in image 2.2 and 2.3, galleries structure are wire-framed to emphasise on transparency and opacity. This movement is base on where the viewers move in the space Ultimately, architects think spatially and where theres a spatial issue were the ones trained historically to figure out how to make people understand and feel the emotional, physical and artistic side of a space Hani Rashid Designing Virtual Reality to Reality Time and space does not exist in a game. Distance cannot be measured and mass cannot be weighed. The physical manifestation exists only if we perceive it. Virtual reality is a warped space. Through this, I am inspired to design a permanent exhibition space in relation to the gaming cycle of life and death. It is base on the dynamic movement in a game and experiencing two-dimensional visuals into three-dimensional. This space will address the issue that was mentioned earlier; Promoting and creating awareness to new game releases to the mass. Base on the definition of Utopia, both living and dead spaces will fully illustrate the position of bliss. Some see death as a paradise while other sees fear in death. Imagine walking through a space that fully depicts death as a form of Utopia, a paradise and an unforsaken world that detach itself from reality. Walking through a dark narrow passage with nothing but the shimmering star that brightens your way. A journey nobody has ever experience. A psychological journey that let users experience death in both euphoric and frightening state, far from tranquillity. It is a momentary journey that makes users of the space ponder and reflect upon their own well-being The design approach is divided into three primary journey, reality, life and death. Reality is design to be grounded to the ground in which illustrates how our lives are tie down to our beliefs. Life is depicted to be hovering in between death. While death is describe as the answer to our entire question in life and reality that were left unanswered. Death space is design to overview the whole space. Designs using three way planes, the planes are a representation of life, death and reality. It consist of lines overlapping each other, depicting how life, death and reality overlapping each other to form and create dimensions, depth, gravity and volumes. All this planes will merge into one core area that illustrates the gaming cycle. The different hierarchy of spaces and planes creates a weaving journey that makes users move in and out of spaces. Life and Death Cycle Through Design The journey begins with two entrances that were place base on the human traffic directions. (Image 4.1) As you walk through the narrow path of the dimly lighted surrounding, you are greeted by this massive, rustic metallic structure that seemed to be hovering. Struck with curiosity, you cant help but to venture into this foreign, alienated space that awaits you. As you walk in through the narrow tunnel, you could hear the surrounding of the environment starts to quiet down. Suddenly, the pleasant sound of silence hits you, the thought of a broken clock gives birth to tranquillity and an escape from reality youve been waiting for. It feels as if you are in a different world where time does not exist. A long flight of glass staircase awaits you on the other end of the tunnel. (Image 4.2) With precarious footing on the steps, you climb the flight of stairs wondering where it will lead you too. The sight of the staircase seems endless. You never know what it is like to walk on glass. It feels as if youre hovering on the glass staircase as you see stranger climbing the staircase on the other side of the glass wall. (Image 4.3) You stop mid-way through the journey as you feel the transition of space varies from where you were from. The surrounding becomes vast as you see the exterior environment of the space. Move further up, you be greeted with a dark narrow space. You question your surrounding and it finally struck you that youre in a gaming environment. The metal rustic wall, the lights, the intense bold feeling you get from the dimly lighted space that is clad with perforated metal walls makes you feel as if youre in a combat science fiction game. From the perforated wall, you could see the people outside the space. Alas, the people from the other side of the wall could not see what is happening in the space. As you bask into the environment and take a new control of your journey, you see another staircase. Wondering where it will go, you decide to take the chance and proceed down the steps. As you place your footing, one foot at a time, you realised you are detached from the pervious space. You are back to reality. (Image 4.5) It feels as if youre taking a break from an alter reality space and the decision for you to immerse back into gaming or get back to reality is left unanswered in this space you are currently at. As you explore the space, you stumble upon another staircase hidden behind this massive structure, leading you to the ground floor. You decide to proceed down the staircase. You are back to reality and proceed on with your daily life. Conclusion Various views on impact of globalization and gaming have been presented. It shows how gaming can change ones culture and behaviour but ultimately, the gaming experience one indulge in is nothing compare to reality. It helps escape reality for that spur moment. This let one rejuvenate themselves and continue on with life, just like how gaming enable us to restart a game when we failed to complete certain task. This design will help to create awareness of the existence of gaming and its impact on a physical stand. Thus, helps both gamers and production companies establish a more prominent relationship with its consumers. It is not the impression; it is the experience that counts.

Tennessee Williams The Glass Menagerie Essay -- Tennessee Williams Gl

Tennessee Williams' The Glass Menagerie We all have illusions. We can hardly live without them. Most of the time they are harmless thoughts about things that are usually unattainable. An example would be when a person sees something that they want and then dreams of having it. Whenever someone holds an opinion based on what they think is true, or in some cases what should be true, rather than what actually is true, then that is an illusion. Illusions sometimes help people cope with painful situations, but in the end, illusions are only a false escape from reality. The characters in the book The Glass Menagerie are each affected by their own different illusions. Tom, Laura, and Amanda all survive because their illusions protect them from the painful facts of their lives. However, illusions can prove to be self-destructive as well as helpful. Do the characters’ illusions hurt them, or are they merely harmless aspects of their personalities? Tom, who is the main character and narrator, suffers from his illusions. Tom’s illusion helps him to escape from his own reality. He sees his job at the shoe warehouse as boring and insignificant. He would rather experience the endless possibilities that life holds. But Tom cannot escape his job, so he tries to escape by going to the movies and writing. When he goes to the movies, he expects to find adventure. Watching someone else’s adventures on the movie screen offers Tom a diversion from his boring existence. â€Å"Yes, movies! Look at them-All of those glamorous people-having adventures-hogging it gobbling the whole thing up! You know what happens? People go to the movies instead of moving! Hollywood characters are supposed to have all the adventures for everybody in America, while everybody in America sits in a dark room and watches them have them! / But I’m not patient. I don’t want to wait till then. I’m tired of the movies and I am about to move!† (p. 96) But since he has to come out of the dark theater and face life again, escape to the movies solves no problems in his life. The vicarious way of life that Tom creates by attending the movies is an illusion because it can never be a true substitute for his own life. Tom realizes in the paragraph above that he is only watching adventures rather than living them. He realizes, also, that movies are only momentary physiological escapes. He uses the movies as a... ...nt from what she wants. Amanda’s life is focused on her children’s happiness because she doesn’t want them to make the same mistakes that she did. This, however, is just an illusion because they will never be what she wants them to be. By trying harder to set them on the right path, she pushes herself even deeper into her illusion. â€Å"Go to the movies, go! Don’t think about us, a mother deserted, an unmarried sister who’s crippled and has no job! Don’t let anything interfere with your selfish pleasure! Just go, go, go-to the movies!†(p.136) By reliving her life, Amanda failed to realize that the personalities of her children were completely different from her own. As a result of her illusions, Amanda drove her son away and hurt herself and the others around her.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If someone was to remove the illusion from the lives of the Wingfield family, which of them could survive the real world? Their illusions might be useful for a short time but the world would pass them by if they maintained an illusionary state. Illusions, therefore, are a destructive trait in the lives of the Wingfield family. Works Cited Williams, Tennessee. "The Glass Menagerie". New York: Random House, 2008.

Operational Difference †Major company stake is owned by franchises Essay

As I went through the historical span of Burger King History, the franchises of Burger King played a major part in expansion of the parent company from the early 1960’s till date. The relation of franchises and management has always been influential and significant in success and failures of Burger King History. Primarily, the company operated with major investment from franchises and minimal from the company, so the decisions and relationship with franchises was crucial. Flame broiler a unique device that improved with decades in Burger King history The company was set-up on the basis of the oven called ‘Insta-broiler’ for cooking burgers. The purpose had been inspired from McDonald’s speedy service. It was further mechanised into a gas grill without changing patties and self functional by means of a conveyor belt. Further, the device was also customised and technologically advanced to produce Chicken sandwich, Chicken Whopper, Veggie burger, etc. Drive –thru service The company though was working hard on franchises and unique device to meet operational needs; it was mainly oriented to meet demand of production at ‘Drive-thru’ restaurants. This was because the company had major part of its sales revenue i.e. 70 % from ‘Drive-thru’ operations. Later this competence was adapted by McDonald and other competitors as well. However the effectiveness and efficiency of Burger King’s ‘Drive-thru’ was easily highlighted. Competitive methods of Burger King The purpose of its competitive strategy is to build a sustainable competitive advantage over the organization’s rivals. It defines the fundamental decisions that guide the organization’s marketing, financial management and operating strategies. As there were many significant changes in the history of Burger King, eventually there were different competitive methods used in different span in history. Some of the significant competitive methods are listed as follows: 1} Initial decade in Burger king’s history, ‘Insta-broiler’ a device competitive in making burgers and technological advancements in the same gave it a competitive advantage. 2} High amount of franchises worldwide executed major ownership stake and customised operations in the outlets. This was tightened and a new company structure was formed, followed by a new competitive aptitude. [Year 1963 -1967] 3} Push sale approach led increase in competitive breakfast market and thus improve in position in market. Burger King moved to second position in US fast food market after McDonald. [Year 1982-1985] 4} Launched a Burger King Kids Club program that help the company to increase sales and successful entry into a new market segment. [Year 1990-1995] 5} Introduction of a TURNAROUND PLAN named ‘Go Forward Plan’, which was significant to attain objectives like increasing profit, create a customer image, teamwork, etc.[Year 2000]. One more advantage Burger King introduced was ‘Revamped Chicken Whopper’, helpful to compete with other competitors. Burger King < McDonald’s (BK is simply not as big as McD) Some of the basic company facts and objectives of both the companies, help us understand how Burger King is not as big as McDonald’s in global terms. Facts Burger King McDonald Founder 1941 by Richard and Maurice McDonald 1953 by Keith J.Cramer Present chain 12,150 outlets in 50 states and US territories and 74 countries More than 31,000 outlets in 119 countries Revenue $2.5 Billion Number of employees 360,000 employees 1,500,000 employees (1.5 million) Customers 11.8 million customers daily worldwide 58 million customers across the globe Products offered Flame-broiled burgers including the Whopper, Burger King also offers chicken sandwiches, fish sandwiches, French fries, onion rings, salads, chicken fries and Croissanwiches for breakfast. McDonald’s predominantly sells hamburgers, various types of chicken sandwiches and products, French fries, soft drinks, breakfast items, and desserts. In most markets, McDonald’s offers salads and vegetarian items, wraps Calorie content A Burger King Double Whopper has around 920 calories A McDonalds Big Mac consists of 540 calories Objectives Burger King McDonalds Market share 21.9 % in US fast food industry 44% in US fast food industry Value for money More bigger product for reasonable price Product size is smaller with inexpensive price Franchising More than 90 % of the outlets are franchised A little less than 30 % Suppliers The suppliers vary with various franchise in different locations worldwide. McDonald chooses best suppliers and type and quality of meat varies with country culture. Advertising The BK adverts were quite confusing and sending wrong messages in potential market which affected cultural values and also brand image at times. McDonalds often had appropriate ways of advertising and were supportive to increase sales and popularity of the brand. Issues relating to Burger King The case study is very critical in understanding the issues related with Burger King’s history. Some of the prominent issues from past to present can be listed as follows: Franchise management – The company found it difficult to manage more than 90% franchise in the business of Burger King products and services. Crucial reason was also the percentage of stake ownership , which was initially 38% and was improved to 42% by Donald Smith, former McDonald executive. Changes in leadership – The history of Burger King marked approximately 20 changes in management. The changes in short term span affected oragnisation focus over goals and objectives, affected brand image adversely and lacked consistency in operation. Unhealthy food – The Company came prominently in highlight during the era from 2003 as potential customers had responded to be health conscious. The period marked spread of mad-cow disease and obesity levels among children was a rising concern. Market recession – The US economy faced economic recession from 2006 and needs brand to take effective measures to sustain and avoid losing loyal customers to competitors. Recommendations for future development in UK The Burger King opened its first branch/outlet in UK in 1977 on Coventry Street in London. Since then till date Burger King has 654 restaurants in UK ( out of which 73 are owned) whereas it has 139 ‘drive-through’ restaurants. Considering the present fast food environment in UK, following recommendations come in lime-light: HEALTHY FOOD – Burger King UK has currently many problems within the environment in company and surrounding, however one of the prime concern is healthy food. The company needs to produce fast food with less saturated fats and salt content. The problem of obesity in UK is high as well and addressing to this concern is the need of demand to survive over the competitors. PRIME LOCATIONS and EVENTS – Burger King needs to increase its influence and market share in UK, by serving at prime hot spots as well as at travel destinations. The presence of Burger King on high streets and at various national rail stations and airport is reasonable, however it needs to be accessible at hot tourist spots and business oriented commercial areas. SPEED – Burger King needs to increase its speed of delivering products and services to customers, as it has been competing with McDonalds over more than 50 years and still lacks speed during peak periods. Speed in operations helps to generate revenue in coping zone. Schools of strategy – Burger King’s evolution (analyse critically) Strategy formation is judgmental designing, intuitive visioning, and emergent learning; it is about transformation as well as perpetuation; it has to include analyzing before and programming after as well as negotiating during †¦Ã¢â‚¬  – Henry Mintzberg However there is a difference in perspective leading to strategy arguments. Mintzberg identified this and tried to debate and answer different perspectives through his 10 Schools of Strategy/Thinking. The burger King History prominently highlights two of them, explained as follows: 1] The Power School – Strategy Systems as Processes of Negotiation According to the power school, strategy systems are described to be mainly shaped by power and politics, whether as a process inside the enterprise itself or as the behaviour of the enterprise as a whole within its external environment. Strategies that may result from such processes tend to be emergent in nature, and take the forms of positions and actions more than perspectives. On the one hand parts of the power school (‘micro power’) see strategy making as the interplay, through persuasion, bargaining, and sometimes through direct confrontation, among narrow scope interests and shifting coalitions, with none dominant for any significant period. On the  other hand other parts of power school (‘macro power’) see the enterprise as promoting its own welfare by controlling or cooperating with other enterprise (such as Franchises), through the use of strategic manipulation as well as collective strategies in various kinds of networks and alliances. EXAMPLE – Burger King at different period in history, tried to take control over franchises by executing greater control over their operations and direct confrontation with various industry giants/ suppliers. These various processes implemented to achieve power through strategy highlights ‘THE POWER SCHOOL’. 2] The Configuration School – Strategy Systems as Process of Transformation The school follows a formation approach wherein the organisation is transforming into one type of decision making structure into another. The school interrupts the period of stability by some process of transformation. It has configuration of strategy formation from other nine schools which are – Design school – Strategy formation as an architecture process Planning school – Strategy formation as a formal process Positioning school – Strategy formation as an analytical process Entrepreneurial school – Strategy formation as a visionary process Cognitive school – Strategy formation as a mental process Learning (or Emergent) school – Strategy formation as an emergent process Power school – Strategy formation as a process of negotiation Cultural school – Strategy formation as a collective process Environmental school – Strategy formation as a reactive process The school recognises a appropriate combination of any one or more of them taking into context a particular type. EXAMPLE – Burger King history marks use of Positioning school in year 1980 -1983 to create a brand image and achieve second position in US fast food market. Click here to Continue Reading this Article Rate This Article Tags: burger king, free essay Category: Business, Free Essays Similar Articles Kicl students’ perceptions on the consumption of McDonalds, KFC and Burger Kings Analysis of Marks & Spencer’s International Strategy Role of Advertisement and Sales Promotion in ELP: Subscribe If you enjoyed this article, subscribe to receive more just like it. Including student tips and advice. Subscribe via RSS Feed Connect on Facebook Follow Us on Twitter Connect on LinkedIn Connect on YouTube Click here to ask a question about this article.  « Management Function: Critical Analysis of the role of a modern industrial manager Shareholder-Wealth Maximization model (SWM): a Financial Report on Luton Brickworks Plc.  » Similar Articles Kicl students’ perceptions on the consumption of McDonalds, KFC and Burger Kings Analysis of Marks & Spencer’s International Strategy Role of Advertisement and Sales Promotion in ELP: Analysis of Marks and Spencer’s Past Failures and Present Developments Strategic Analysis of Marks and Spencers Plc (M&S) Looking for Something Similar? Get Student Advice We send regular advice and updates for students. We promise not to spam. Subscribe via RSS Feed Connect on Facebook Follow Us on Twitter Connect on LinkedIn Connect on YouTube

German New Years Greetings Wishes

German New Year's Greetings Wishes The German expression,  Frohes neues Jahr  literally translates to Happy New Year. It is widely used in German-speaking countries, particularly in the northern and western states of Germany. Indeed, New Years Eve and New Years Day are big holidays in Germany, with events ranging from fireworks to Rummelpottlauf, where children (or adults) go from house to house singing silly songs and begging for sweets (or schnapps), to parties as well as special drinks and foods. But if you have family or friends in Germany or German-speaking countries to whom you want to send New Years greetings, you may find yourself struggling to find the right words. Sending such greetings can be challenging, especially if you want to get creative. Creative New Years Wishes You may find yourself writing a card or even an email to a German friend or family member with New Years wishes. But you likely want to avoid writing the same New Years well-wishes year after year. Try some of the following more poetic and creative ways of wishing a happy New Year to a friend or loved one. In order to make the English greetings flow, some of the translations are not literal. New Year's Wishes in German German Phrase English Translation Sonne, Mond und Sterne, alles liegt in weiter Ferne, doch das Gute das ist ganz nah – ein glà ¼ckliches und schà ¶nes neues Jahr! Sun, moon and stars, everything lies at a great distance. However, goodness is just ‘round the corner – have a happy and lovely New Year! Das alte Jahr ist jetzt bald futsch, drum wà ¼nsch ich dir einen guten Rutsch. Glà ¼ck soll uns das neue Jahr gestalten und wir bleiben hoffentlich die alten! The New Year will soon be gone, and so I wish you a good year. May luck the New Year us bring and we the same old pals still be. Es wackelt spt durch Nacht und Wind, ein Ferkelchen das lacht und singt. Es wà ¼nscht nur eines, das ist klar: Alles gute im neuen Jahr! Shaking through the darkness and the windis a piglet which laughs and sings. It is clear to see, it is wishing one sole thing: All the best may the New Year bring! Ich bin die kleine Silvestermaus, steh leider nicht vor deinem Haus. Drum schick ich dir aus weiter Ferne, eine Hand voll Zaubersterne. Alles Gute fà ¼r 2011! I am the little New Year’s mouse, who unfortunately can’t be in front of your house. That’s why I’m sending you from afar, a handful of magic stars. All the best for 2011! Heut’ an Silvester will ich dich grà ¼ÃƒÅ¸en – und Dir mit einem Kuss den Tag versà ¼ÃƒÅ¸en. Doch nicht nur heute denk ich an dich, das ganze Jahr bist Du der Sinn fà ¼r mich. Today on New Year’s, I want to greet you and sweeten your day with a kiss. But today is not the only day that I’ll be thinking of you - you are to me the whole reason for being the whole year through. Endlich ist das alte vorbei, das Neue kommt, ich bleib dabei. I wà ¼nsch dir ein frohes neues Jahr! Finally the old has passed, the new is coming and I’m standing by. Happy New Year! Am Himmel leuchten die Sterne so klar, ich wà ¼nsch dir ein frohes Fest und ein gutes neuesJahr! The stars in the sky shine so clear, I wish you a happy celebration and a happy New Year! Hab Dir bei der Zukunftsbank aufs Konto 2011, 365 Tage Liebe, Glà ¼ck und sà ¼sse Trume einbezahlt. Viel Spass beim Ausgeben und einen guten Rutsch ins neue Jahr! This is what I deposited in your 2011 bank account in the Bank of the Future: 365 days of love, luck and sweet dreams. Have fun doling them out and all the best for the New Year! Lebe! Liebe! Lache! Auf diese Weise mache Dein neues Jahr zu einem Fest, das Dich Dein Leben feiern lsst. Live, love and laugh! In this way, you make your new year a celebration of your life.

Using Page and Section Breaks in Microsoft Word

Using Page and Section Breaks in Microsoft Word Using Page and Section Breaks in Microsoft Word When writing a longer paper, like a thesis or PhD dissertation, it makes sense to break the document down into a series of distinct chapters, each starting on a new page. You could, of course, achieve this by simply hitting â€Å"Enter† a bunch of times until a new page appears. But this can make your document look untidy, since any changes you make before the break will cause subsequent text to go out of alignment. A far better option is to use Microsoft Word’s inbuilt page and section breaks. Page Breaks As the name suggests, a â€Å"page break† in Microsoft Word is a break between pages in your document (sometimes life really is that simple). This â€Å"hard break† allows you to edit separate sections of your work without worrying about text shifting around elsewhere. To add a page break in your document, simply: Position the cursor where you want the page break to appear Under the â€Å"Insert† tab, click on the â€Å"Page Break† button Alternatively, you can add a page break by going to the â€Å"Page Layout† tab, clicking on â€Å"Breaks† and selecting â€Å"Page† from the dropdown menu. Voila! Section Breaks Adding a â€Å"section break† to a document allows you to apply different formatting options in different places. This can be useful if you want to use specific headers for different chapters in your dissertation, or different page numbering styles for distinct parts of a document. To add a section break between pages, all you need to do is: Select where you want the section break to appear with the cursor Go to the â€Å"Page Layout† tab and click on â€Å"Breaks† Under â€Å"Section Breaks† in the dropdown menu, select â€Å"Next Page† You can also add a section break in the middle of a page by selecting â€Å"Continuous† from the dropdown menu. This is handy if you want to apply varied formatting to different parts of a single page, such as splitting one half into two columns of text, but generally isn’t required in an academic paper. Once you’ve added section breaks to your document, you can then apply specific formatting options (e.g., page layout, headers, footers, etc.) to particular sections as required. Editing Page and Section Breaks Since you can’t usually see a page or section break (other than by the gap in the document), editing or removing them can be tricky. However, you can make page breaks visible by clicking the â€Å"Show Paragraph Marks† button on the â€Å"Home† tab in Microsoft Word. This will make page and section breaks show up in your document as follows. You can then select, move, delete or edit around these breaks without having to guess where they are!

Scholarship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Scholarship - Essay Example But all that changed when I met my present host family for the first time. There was a warm feeling of kindness and understanding from the moment we first met, and somehow they took me in, and treated me like they would treat their very own daughter. There was this instant feeling of connection, and I knew immediately that I was no longer alone. They helped me with English, and encouraged me to talk more and more in the language, urging me not to be shy, insisting that if I did not make mistakes, I would not learn. Slowly, all the chatter around me began to make sense, and it was a relief to be able to greet the people around me in a a language they understood. The family also encouraged me to take part in their life, and to understand the frank, welcoming American culture. In the course of my stay with them, I have been able to visit various American cities like Boston, New York, Kansas City, San Francisco and Los Angeles in their company. I have seen America like it actually is, and not as I saw it earlier on television, and my respect for this country has grown.

Statment of Purpose Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Statment of Purpose - Personal Statement Example Despite various hardships, especially in my first year which could have seen me drop from the course, I decided to struggle and pursue the course and through the effort, I graduated from King Khalid University with a bachelor’s degree in Medical Laboratory Sciences in 2012. In the course of my learning, I studied many fields including Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pathology, Histopathology, Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, and was chosen as a group leader in the last two years of my course, a position I held until graduation. I started my one year internship in a central hospital, training in twelve sections inside the lab. During the same period, I attended some medical related conferences where I gained further insights in the medical field, while also working for four months in another hospital as Lab Manager. After the internship, I obtained a scholarship from my country to continue my higher education in United State of America. Here, I have been studying English at the University of Oregon, and I would like to combine my science background and English language to pursue a higher level education in my specialization, of which I discovered that Cytopathology program is where my interest and competency are positioned, and I really believe that I will be successful in this field. Therefore, I am seeking enrollment in Cytopathology Masters

Common Merit vs Anniversary Date Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Common Merit vs Anniversary Date - Essay Example Company practices of granting merit increases are usually pre-defined in compensation and performance evaluation policies and procedures, which indicate the frequency of performance reviews; evaluation standards, criteria, measures, and rating scale; and equivalent percentage increases according to ratings. The merit date is the date at which an employee is eligible for a performance evaluation and a merit increase (Chesterfield, 2008). There are two popular ways for administering annual merit increases, either using a common merit date for all employees or o common ways or by using by using the employee’s anniversary date of hire. One practice for administering the annual merit increase is by using the employee’s anniversary date of hire. This means that one year after the employee was hired, he/she becomes eligible for a performance evaluation and a merit increase, and then every year thereafter, on his/her anniversary date. The advantage of using the anniversary date of hire as against a common merit date, is that it ensures that an employee has been given a full 12-month period to exhibit the job performance he/she will be evaluated on. Considering the length of the period, the employee would be able to improve performance over the course of the months or remedy any bad performance exhibited within ample time till the evaluation date. For the company, planning, implementing and monitoring the evaluation process and the granting of merit increases using the anniversary date would mean a lot more work as anniversary dates would be different from employee to employee. Schedules of performance evaluatio n have to be pre-defined for each employee according to his/her anniversary date, tracked, and monitored for completion, usually a joint responsibility of the HR department and the immediate manager. The greater the number of employees of a company, the more work it would entail. For managers with a number of subordinates to evaluate, it would also mean

Threats to customer data Essay Example for Free

Threats to customer data Essay A computer virus is a computer program that can copy itself and infect a computer without the permission or knowledge of the user. The term virus is also commonly but also used to refer to other types of malware, ad ware and spyware programs that do not have the ability to create itself again. A true virus can only spread from one computer to another when its host (some form of code) is taken to the target computer, for instance because a user sent it over a network or the Internet, or can increase their chances of spreading to other computers by infecting files on a network file system or a file system that is accessed by another computer. Viruses are sometimes confused with computer worms and Trojan horses which are like viruses but are technically different, in effect creating a damageable system to allow access to the users computer. A worm can spread itself to other computers without needing to be transferred from someone, Worms and Trojans, like viruses, can cause harm to a computer system, functional performance, or networking throughput, when they are made. Some viruses and other malwares are noticeable to the computer user, but most are not easy to find. This makes it hard for the average user to notice, find and disable and that is why specialist anti-virus programs are now made. Todays viruses may also take advantage of network services such as the World Wide Web, e-mail, Instant Messaging and file sharing systems to spread.   Getting an antivirus-viruses in the computer are detected by the antivirus and stopped and then removed, it also informs the users if they have entered any suspicious websites and tells us to avoid it or blocks us from it automatically. An antivirus completely removes viruses or other harmful soft wares which is also called malware in computing terms.   Not using the computer infected-if a computer has been infected by a virus, its not safe to continue using the same computer without completely reinstalling the operating system. There are still a number of recovery options that exist after a computer has a virus. These actions depend on severity of the type of virus. System Restore, which restores the computer and sensitive system files are removed and the computers status is back to what it was from when it was bought. Although you will lose all your files completely and will have reinstall everything. Ways to stop getting infected from virus   Run your virus scanner frequently. Hacking or Scamming is when some unauthorised person attempts to break into someones computer systems or accounts on someone elses website. Programmers for whom computing is its own reward; may enjoy the challenge of breaking into other computers but do no harm to anyone could be given another chance but if he hacks into someones system and takes their personal information or give them viruses he could be prosecuted if caught . There are many ways to stop hacking we can find out more information about hacking and what can help you to prevent from being hacked.   We should never give out personal information and never enter passwords to suspicious emails. The firewall will block out any unwanted spam and monitor whats attempting to get in our systems. Hacking or scamming percentages are rising but by knowing everything about them or how to prevent them we can reduce our chances of getting hacked. Prevent spywares to enter our system. Dont run unnecessary network services When installing systems, any non-essential features should be disabled. If a feature is installed but not actively used, it is less likely to be updated regularly, presenting a larger security threat. Also, allow only the softwares you need there because other softwares could give you many risks. Norton Internet Security is well known software which is secure and protects us from going on websites which arent safe. Implement a firewall A firewall is a kind of like a barrier that keeps hackers and viruses out of computer networks. Firewalls restrict network traffic and allow only authorized data to pass through and tell us if we have any risks also if we have our firewalls turned off it gives us warnings to turn it on. The threats can be stopped depending on just our actions for example, downloading files from unknown sites and poor habits of opening up strange email attachments and there are many other mistakes made by people which give more options to the hackers or make it easier for them to hack in.

Binding of QNB and Atropine to Muscarinic Acetylcholine

Binding of QNB and Atropine to Muscarinic Acetylcholine Cholinergic relates to the responses in various systems to the neuro-transmitter molecule Acetycholine (ACh). They are the protein that are permanently attached to the biological membrane or the integral membrane protein (IMP). If the set of response is seen where Ach is a normal transmitter it is seen that they are grouped based on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) that respond to nicotine, and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) that bind muscarine. These Nicotine and muscarine are extrinsic molecules that get the same response but with different sensitivity. Drugs that bind to muscarinic receptors are classified based on Agonists (which activate the neuronal receptor and produce a response) Antagonists (which do not activate the receptor and block the agonist binding site) Antagonists are now used to study the drug-receptor binding as they bind with a higher affinity (i.e lower dissociation constant kd) when compared with agonists Pharmacology studies have shown that antagonists have higher affinity but no efficacy to their cognate receptors. They intervene their effect by going and binding to the active site or to allosteric sites on the receptor. They can also go and bind to unique binding sites that do not participate in biological regulation of any receptor activity. The activity that antagonist causes may be reversible or irreversible, depending on the long life of the antagonist-receptor complex. Studies have shown that 3-Quinuclinidyl benzilate (QNB) is a potent muscarinic antagonist in CNS (central nervous system) and peripheral tissues. QNB shows specific binding to the receptor of interest it binds. It can also bind to other sites of the membrane and these can cause changes. We can measure specific binding by filtering radioactive 3H-QNB and then measuring the amount of QNB. To measure non-specific binding, Atropine is used to displace QNB from the specific sites, while the non-specifically bound QNB remains and can be quantified by measuring radioactivity. (Source: Yamamura et al. May 1974) Overview of the experiment QNB is carried out in a radioactive binding assay where the concentration of QNB that is specific bound without atropine and QNB that is non-specifically bound with atropine is measured over successive interval of time. It is allowed to incubate so as for binding site to reach saturation is allowed where the equilibrium is reached. After this any further increase incubation time does not cause the amount of QNB bound to change. This QNB bound to the membrane is measured. By calculating the incubation time, IC50 of atropine is measured by measuring the atropine at which 50% of bound QNB is displaced. Amount of free QNB when 50% of bound QNB is displaced is used to measure the dissociation constant (Kd). Materials and Methods Determination of QNB specific and non-specific binding Two bulk assays was carried out To measure QNB binding (in the presence of water) To measure non specific binding (with the presence of atropine) There were two conical flask taken A and B. Tube A was added with 30 ml of 1.3 nM 3H-QNB and 6ml water. And to the flask B flask B, 30 ml 3H-QNB and 6ml atropine was added. S filter tower is then set with 6 GF/C filters and 4.0 ml of rat membrane was added to each flask and the flask were swirled to mix well. 2ml aliquots from A flask (A1, A2, A3) and (B1, B2, B3) from the B flask were produced and were run through fresh GF/C filters. Each of the filters was then washed to remove mini-vials, and then 5 ml scintillant was added and was left for at least an hour. After a hour the radioactivity was counted in the scintilliant counter. This protocol was repeated for a couple of more time to produce triplicates at the time interval of 10, 20, 30, 45 and 60 min. Determination of IC50 for atropine Five glass test tubes having 1200 ÃŽÂ ¼l of distilled water in each was taken. To the test tube 1, 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of 10 10 ÃŽÂ ¼M atropine was added and was mixed well. 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of the solution was added to tube 2 and mixed well. The same method is carried out for a series of dilutions to be done in tube 3 to 5. Atropine concentration in each tube is calculated. Seven triplicate tubes (A1, A2, A3à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦G1, G2, G3) are made each containing 1500 ÃŽÂ ¼l of 1.3nM QNB assay and the tubes are mixed well. 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of 10 ÃŽÂ ¼M atropine was added to the three tubes of A and three B tubes were added with 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of solution from tube 1. The dilution process was carried out for tubes C, D, E, F from tube 2, tube 3, tube 4 and tube 5 respectively. To tubes G, 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l of distilled water was added instead. 200 ÃŽÂ ¼l membrane was then added quickly to all the tubes. The 21 tubes were then left for incubation for 45 min and the radioactivity was then measured. Determination of concentration of protein using Lowry Assay Test tubes were prepared that contained 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 ÃŽÂ ¼g BSA (Bovine serum albumin) made up to 1 ml with water. A 6th tube was taken that had 50 ÃŽÂ ¼l of membrane that was made up to 1ml with water. 1.5ml of reagent 1 that contains 0.5 ml copper tartrate + 50ml alkaline carbonate was added and mixed well and let to stand for 10 min at room temperature. Then 0.3 ml of reagent 2 that contains Commercial Folin-Ciocalteau reagent was added to the tubes and mixed well. The tubes were then left for incubation for 30 min. Absorbance or optical density was read at 660nm. Determination of kd for QNB Eight test tube was taken, four containing low QNB concentration (1.3nM QNB mix) and four tubes containing high QNB concentration (6.5nM QNB mix). Tubes 1 to 4 were added with 7.50 ml, 2.50 ml, 5 ml and 3.2 ml of 6.5 nM QNB mix respectively. Lower concentration of QNB is made by diluting the standard QNB assay mix with NaKP solution. These tubes are labelled 1-8. The solution of tube 1-8, of about 1500 ÃŽÂ ¼l each was added to the triplicate tubes (A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, H3) respectively. Solution of tube 1 is added to tubes A, Tube 2 to B tubes till tube 8 to tubes H. 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l water + 200 ÃŽÂ ¼l membrane was then added to all tubes. For tubes A4-H4, 300 ÃŽÂ ¼l Atropine plus (Tube 1-8) respectively plus 200 ÃŽÂ ¼l membranes was added. Radioactivity was measured in all tube. A lowry assay was also carried out. RESULT AND DISCUSSION Here in the graph the values are plotted for QNB bound with atropine (with as show in the graph), QNB bound without atropine (Without as shown in the graph) and Corrected vales are obtained by subtracting QNB bound with atropine from the QNB bound without atropine (corrected as shown in the graph ) against time. Here QNB bound without atropine is total amount of QNB bound to the receptor; QNB bound with atropine is the Non-specific binding of QNB to the receptor and corrected is the specific binding of QNB to the receptor. After a particular time of incubation receptors reach equilibrium, where no more binding of QNB takes place to the binding sites. At this point when no more binding of QNB takes place the plateau is formed in the graph showing saturation. This incubation time is approximately 45 min as shown by the graph reaching the plateau. The graph shows us that with and corrected points of the graph forms a plateau after reaching incubation time of approximately 45 min. If an addition incubation time was taken after 60 min we would have got a plateau for without graph also showing us a plateau. The graph shows that the cmp value increase over time after which when reaching a particular time no more binding occurs thus forming a plateau showing the saturation or equilibrium has reached. Small decline in the graph can be seen at time 30 to 45 min, this could have been due to experimental errors. The errors could have been caused during pipetting, in proper vacuum, formation of bubbles, adding samples properly between time intervals etc. This can be avoided by more careful handling of the instrument and doing a initial check up for errors so as to not cause changes in the experiments result. Taking the above data into consideration we have chosen 45 min as incubation time for determining IC50 of atropine. This is because, saturation of binding sites is achieved and no further unbinding of QNB also occurs, as the off-rate or reaction constant of QNB unbinding is very low. So there is no further change in the amount of bound QNB and hence this incubation time is considered appropriate. By serial dilution different concentration of atropine was prepared. The graph shows us that the amount to QNB bound to the receptor of the membrane reduces with increase in concentration. This happens because atropine is a competitive binder and binds competitively with specific sites to the receptor. The amount of QNB specifically bound will be inversely proportional with atropine concentration. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50)  is a measure of how effective a compound is in inhibiting biological or biochemical function. This is a quantitative measure that let us know how much concentration of the drug or biological substance (inhibitor) is required to inhibit a given biological process by half. So we are calculating the IC50 of atropine to determine its potency. It is calculated by taking atropine concentration at which 50% QNB is displaced. The IC 50 value was found to be 0.0008912 ÃŽÂ ¼M. This shows that atropine is a drug with good potency. Ic 50 does not directly discuss the binding constant so we cannot compare the binding affinity of QNB and receptor. Lowarys assay Lowrys assay was carried out for determining the concentration of membrane protein. First different concentration of BSA was used and we generated a graph for it, taking concentration and OD. The membrane protein was then checked for absorbance and was found to be 0.322. Using the linear regression equation and the absorbance, concentration of the membrane protein was found to be 0.803 mg/ml. This test was done for another membrane protein sample. The absorbance of the membrane was 0.27. Again using the regression equation and the absorbance, concentration of the membrane protein was found to be 0.293529412 mg/ml. Determination of Kd: Kd is -1/m and was the equation was used is y = -8499.6x 1.3669. the kd is used to define the affinity between the drug and the protein . the value of Bmax was 0.001161 nm.

virgin atlantic Essay -- essays research papers fc

THE AVIATION INDUSTRY The aviation industry of any nation acts as a contributor to its economic growth, helps in globalisation and creating an international image. It is the best in terms of the fastest, safest and convenient mode of travel. Even though it is an expensive one, it is expanding its markets across the middle-class who are ready to spent money on leisure trips. Thus it is truly stated that aviation forms a vital core infrastructure area without which a country economy is handicapped. The civil aviation industry of world has expanded its wings by letting in private organisations. Privatisation in the domestic and the international circuit can help in foreseeing the future of the aviation industry at a mark up rise, and gaining international recognition. It started eight years back with Open Sky Policy allowing charter flights to operate in domestic market. Today in the year 2000 we saw the code sharing agreement between Air India and Virgin Atlantic Airlines for the DEL- LON sector. During the last nine months there has been fare wars, value added services, alliances etc. Suddenly there seems some action in the Aviation Industry, where Virgin has acted as a lubricator. There are many other airlines, in bid of competition increasing their capacities or increase their flights for the same route. Introduction In the early 80s, when Virgin Atlantic was created, by Richard Branson was a go getting, sweater wearing entrepreneur and head of the successful Virgin Group, probably best known for Virgin Records. By the early 1980s, Virgin Records was one of the top six record companies in the world. Then, in 1984, Richard got a phone call out of the blue suggesting a jumbo jet passenger service between London and New York. Branson like the idea, much to the horror of his fellow directors who thought him crazy. Undeterred, Richard announced to the world that Virgin Atlantic Airways would begin operating†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦within three months! An aircraft was found, staff were hired, licences granted and, thanks in no small part to Richard's infectious enthusiasm, on 22 June 1984 an aircraft packed with friends and the media set off for Newark, New York - and a phenomenon was born! Since then, Virgin Atlantic has become the second largest long-haul international airline operating services out of London's Heathrow and Gatwick Airports to 21 destinations all over the world - ... ... quality and value for money has gained the loyalty of many passengers. Its services, which are exclusive to this airline, enhance the experience of people on board. What more could you ask from an airline which has built an excellent. All this and more has resulted in a tough competition with its competitors, but Virgin Atlantic faces competition as a motivating factor, which would help them to grow in the long term. Virgin Atlantic has opened up a destination for Richard Branson to offer him a platform to invest in other activities. As it is known that Virgin Company has diversified itself into other products in other parts of world. BIBLIOGRAPHY Lovelock, C., â€Å"Services Marketing†, Prentice Hall, 1991. Kotler.P, â€Å"Marketing Management†, Prentice Hall of India, 1999 Payne, A., â€Å"The Essence of Services Marketing†, Prentice Hall of India, 1996. Luck, Rubin, â€Å" Marketing Research†, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi, 1996. Bernhardt, Kinnear, â€Å"Cases in Marketing Management†, Butterworth Heinemann, 1997. WEBSITES www.virginatlantic.com www.airindia.com www.tourismindia.com MAGAZINES Business Standard Aviation. Business World. Todays Traveler- The Business and Leisure virgin atlantic Essay -- essays research papers fc THE AVIATION INDUSTRY The aviation industry of any nation acts as a contributor to its economic growth, helps in globalisation and creating an international image. It is the best in terms of the fastest, safest and convenient mode of travel. Even though it is an expensive one, it is expanding its markets across the middle-class who are ready to spent money on leisure trips. Thus it is truly stated that aviation forms a vital core infrastructure area without which a country economy is handicapped. The civil aviation industry of world has expanded its wings by letting in private organisations. Privatisation in the domestic and the international circuit can help in foreseeing the future of the aviation industry at a mark up rise, and gaining international recognition. It started eight years back with Open Sky Policy allowing charter flights to operate in domestic market. Today in the year 2000 we saw the code sharing agreement between Air India and Virgin Atlantic Airlines for the DEL- LON sector. During the last nine months there has been fare wars, value added services, alliances etc. Suddenly there seems some action in the Aviation Industry, where Virgin has acted as a lubricator. There are many other airlines, in bid of competition increasing their capacities or increase their flights for the same route. Introduction In the early 80s, when Virgin Atlantic was created, by Richard Branson was a go getting, sweater wearing entrepreneur and head of the successful Virgin Group, probably best known for Virgin Records. By the early 1980s, Virgin Records was one of the top six record companies in the world. Then, in 1984, Richard got a phone call out of the blue suggesting a jumbo jet passenger service between London and New York. Branson like the idea, much to the horror of his fellow directors who thought him crazy. Undeterred, Richard announced to the world that Virgin Atlantic Airways would begin operating†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦within three months! An aircraft was found, staff were hired, licences granted and, thanks in no small part to Richard's infectious enthusiasm, on 22 June 1984 an aircraft packed with friends and the media set off for Newark, New York - and a phenomenon was born! Since then, Virgin Atlantic has become the second largest long-haul international airline operating services out of London's Heathrow and Gatwick Airports to 21 destinations all over the world - ... ... quality and value for money has gained the loyalty of many passengers. Its services, which are exclusive to this airline, enhance the experience of people on board. What more could you ask from an airline which has built an excellent. All this and more has resulted in a tough competition with its competitors, but Virgin Atlantic faces competition as a motivating factor, which would help them to grow in the long term. Virgin Atlantic has opened up a destination for Richard Branson to offer him a platform to invest in other activities. As it is known that Virgin Company has diversified itself into other products in other parts of world. BIBLIOGRAPHY Lovelock, C., â€Å"Services Marketing†, Prentice Hall, 1991. Kotler.P, â€Å"Marketing Management†, Prentice Hall of India, 1999 Payne, A., â€Å"The Essence of Services Marketing†, Prentice Hall of India, 1996. Luck, Rubin, â€Å" Marketing Research†, Prentice Hall India, New Delhi, 1996. Bernhardt, Kinnear, â€Å"Cases in Marketing Management†, Butterworth Heinemann, 1997. WEBSITES www.virginatlantic.com www.airindia.com www.tourismindia.com MAGAZINES Business Standard Aviation. Business World. Todays Traveler- The Business and Leisure

Paraphrasing and Summarizing Essay

Paraphrasing is restating someone else’s ideas in your own words while providing proper in-text citations and references to acknowledge the original source, and let the readers know that the idea is not yours. It plays an important role in academic documents, legal documents, articles journals, etc. It requires crucial thinking, understanding and writing skills to rephrase a document in your own words.| paraphrasing reflects the understanding of a person rather than the writer who has presented the original work. Moreoever, a good quality paraphrased version of a work can be more concise and yet thorough than the original piece of writing. A summary is a concise version of a long detailed text while keeping the context clear. A summary can also be called an abstract, synopsis, executive summary or recap of the original. It highlights the main points of the original text, but it is smaller than the main article. Without summaries, a reader would have to read the entire text that definitely needs a lot of time. Instructions Summarizing 1. Read the original text straight through, quickly but thoroughly. 2. Reread the original material, highlight ideas that stand out to you as being important, and underline key terms. 3. Break the text into sections, with each conveying one of the author’s main points. The goal of a summary is to express the central ideas of the original work, leaving out secondary material. 4. Write your summary in sentence form, using the main points and key terms as the muscle of your summary. Try to keep the ideas in your summary organized in the same sequence as in the original text. 5. Compare the original text to your summary to ensure you have covered the main ideas and haven’t left out any key terms. Paraphrasing 1. Read the original text straight through, quickly but thoroughly. 2. Reread the original material, taking note of the concept the author is trying to convey. 3. Express the text in your own words without changing the author’s meaning. The goal of a paraphrase is to rewrite the original text without leaving out anything of substance. 4. Compare the original text to your paraphrase to ensure you have captured the essence of the author’s ideas and have not quoted the text directly. The paraphrase must be written with language and sentence structure entirely your own.

Free Essays on Fools Compared

Fools Compared Both The Man of Mode and The Country Wife contain characters that are the butt of everyone’s jokes. Sir Fopling Flutter and Sparkish are men who think they are not only charming, but lady’s men as well. Throughout the play, the men are continually picked upon for their outlandish behavior. The difference is that Sir Fopling is only concerned about his own opinion of himself, whereas Sparkish is intent on gaining his fellowmen’s approval. Sparkish is a man who is talked about in a negative way by others in The Country Wife. Horner, upon seeing Sparkish, makes the comment, â€Å"the greatest fop, dullest ass, and worst company, as you shall see: for here he comes† (I, 1). Sparkish, however, never seems to realize he is considered a joke, choosing to believe that their constant picking is a sign of acceptance. In one instance he is literally thrown out of the room and they all laugh at him, not with him, but Sparkish comes right back in and offers up a dinner invitation (I, 1). Sir Fopling Flutter is called â€Å"the freshest fool in town† (II, 2), by Lady Townley. He enters their conversation intent on dominating the scene. While the others pick on his clothing, â€Å"your breech though, is a handful too high† (III, 2), he responds with a light quip, â€Å" I have wished it lower a thousand times, but a pox on’t† (III, 2). Sir Fopling chooses to believe that when he is around, he is admired by all. He assumes that others relish in his presence, asking Dorimant, â€Å"let thee and I take air together† (III, 3). However, just as with Sparkish, excuses are made as to why no one can accompany him that evening. â€Å"I am engaged to Medley† (III, 3), Dorimant states. As Sir Fopling exits, everyone makes snide comments about his presence, â€Å"A fine, mettled coxcomb† (III, 3) Medley remarks. â€Å"Brisk and insipid† (III,3) replies Dorimant. Neither Sir Fopling, nor Sparkish, are taken very se r... Free Essays on Fools Compared Free Essays on Fools Compared Fools Compared Both The Man of Mode and The Country Wife contain characters that are the butt of everyone’s jokes. Sir Fopling Flutter and Sparkish are men who think they are not only charming, but lady’s men as well. Throughout the play, the men are continually picked upon for their outlandish behavior. The difference is that Sir Fopling is only concerned about his own opinion of himself, whereas Sparkish is intent on gaining his fellowmen’s approval. Sparkish is a man who is talked about in a negative way by others in The Country Wife. Horner, upon seeing Sparkish, makes the comment, â€Å"the greatest fop, dullest ass, and worst company, as you shall see: for here he comes† (I, 1). Sparkish, however, never seems to realize he is considered a joke, choosing to believe that their constant picking is a sign of acceptance. In one instance he is literally thrown out of the room and they all laugh at him, not with him, but Sparkish comes right back in and offers up a dinner invitation (I, 1). Sir Fopling Flutter is called â€Å"the freshest fool in town† (II, 2), by Lady Townley. He enters their conversation intent on dominating the scene. While the others pick on his clothing, â€Å"your breech though, is a handful too high† (III, 2), he responds with a light quip, â€Å" I have wished it lower a thousand times, but a pox on’t† (III, 2). Sir Fopling chooses to believe that when he is around, he is admired by all. He assumes that others relish in his presence, asking Dorimant, â€Å"let thee and I take air together† (III, 3). However, just as with Sparkish, excuses are made as to why no one can accompany him that evening. â€Å"I am engaged to Medley† (III, 3), Dorimant states. As Sir Fopling exits, everyone makes snide comments about his presence, â€Å"A fine, mettled coxcomb† (III, 3) Medley remarks. â€Å"Brisk and insipid† (III,3) replies Dorimant. Neither Sir Fopling, nor Sparkish, are taken very se r...